IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


t 


1.0 


|M 

132 


I.! 


1.25 


M 

120 

11= 

14    III  1.6 


0 


c^l 


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V 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


^Ea 


£?, 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Inst'tute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreprodi<ctions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  un:que, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  ir.^ages  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  kialow. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meillour  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvant  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normeic  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


□    Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couieur 


□    Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 


□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 


D 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicu!6e 


D 


Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul^es 


□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


7]    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
^  '    Pages  ddcoiordes,  tachet6es  ou  piqudes 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


E]    Pages  detached/ 
J    Pages  d^tach^es 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  ihan  blue  or  black)/ 
Fncre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


0Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


□    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualit^  in^gale  de  I'impression 


D 


Brund  with  other  material/ 
Re\\6  avec  d'autres  documents 


□    Includes  supplementary  materia!/ 
Comprend  du  matdriel  supplementaire 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  nay  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombra  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  sa  peut  que  certaines  jiages  blanches  ajout^es 
tors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 


I      1    Only  edition  available/ 


n 


Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  veuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  dt6  filmdes  d  nouvuau  de  faqon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


0 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentair6a: 


Title  page  is  a  photoreproduction. 


I  his  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


s/ 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'oxemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grflce  d  la 
g6n6rosite  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6te  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  netteti  de  I'exemplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fiimage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  ere  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  film<)d  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autrer  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
nremidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
I 'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboies  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  too  to  bottom,  as  many  framss  as 
required.  The  fcllowing  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  rdduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  §tre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  filmd  &  partir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  ba3,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

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I 


UNIFTCArrON 

Of  ^^llT^  .Vmerica 


A   LAW,   A   BUSINESS.    A  DUTY 


*•> 


A  PLAN   OF    CONTrXEXT.VL    CONSTEUCTION 


TOESENTKn  THllOUGH 


GEOROE   BATCHELOR 

Citizen  of  Unitized  America 


t\    vf',,..-fr 


NEW  YOEK 


Janv.nry  1.  tS07 


'iT 


PRICE. 


10  CENTS. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  In  the  year  1867, 

By  Geoisge  BATCHEi.on, 

In  the  CTerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  tlie  Southern 

District  of  New  York. 


SOLD,    FOR  THi:  AUTirOI?,    BY 

AUGUST  BHENTANO,  70S  Brojichvay, 


.N'KW  YORK. 


AsiiiK  Ilvr-L,  printer,  '21  Church  Sf, 


L. 


f^i—t-i»ir:t~m»^  -•,m^^-*m-^.mrY-ff,'rrTiTwn'''-rr^nwjr-n 


> 


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»  <  ♦  *      '  V  *» 


'  (  '  '^  V^  ^^^  r^^W'  ^ 


UNIFICATION 


OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


«•» 


I. 


1.  All  ends  in  Unity. 


2.  Man  is,  on  a  condensed  scale,  a  perfect  world  within 
himself. 

Mind  and  matter,  centre  and  circumference,  free  with 
his  wiU  but  captive  of  his  wants,  whole  and  part,  light 
and  mirror,  sense  and  perception,  action  and  actor, 
^iin  has  been  evoMng,  ever  since  the  da^,n  of  his  histo- 
ry, the  august  purposes  of  his  individual  and  coUective 
life. 

Had  he  cast  his  regards  inward  or  outward,  earthward 
or  heavenward,  Man  might' have  comprehended  at  a 
glance  what  was  his  lot  to  discover,  to  develop,  to  per- 
petuate. These  firmaments  secured  by  starry  nails,  those 
oceans  swelled  by  their  rock-bound  fountains,  this  earth 
so  fecund  and  so  beautiful,  that  smiling  family  gathered 
around  his  hearth  — each  and  aU  of  these  creations, 
though  varying  in  forms,  attributes,  and  functions,  had 
a  :^;,< .  jjc  destination  :  they  were  gi^avitating  toward  a 
comi,  >n  centre.     However,  this  centripetal  direction  was 


.»   » 


•  I 


,  \ 


2«  UNIFICATION  OF   NOllTH   AMERICA. 

not  to  be  intoUigently  followed  until  from  ages  to  ages 
Man  had  groped  across  the  entire  sphere,  mapping  on 
the  way  the  unclaimed  portions  of  his  doaiain.  Before 
he  was  permitted  to  grasp  the  Universe,  Man  had  to  gi'ow 
up  to  Humanity. 


3.  Kept  awake  by  the  throbbing  of  the  divine  law 
through  whose  unconscious  agauoy  he  had  appropriated 
his  vast  apanage  of  land  and  wajter,  Man  aspired  to  as- 
sert byUniversfvl  domination  his  mastery  over  his  fellow- 
beings  and  over  nature.  Ambi'ion,  self-di;fonse,  dynastic 
requirements,  national  necessity,  religious  -zeal,  God- 
appointed  mission,  wliat  names  and  verbal  disguises 
have  not  the  conquerors  used,  simply  to  obey  the  behests 
of  Unitism? 

Recall  to  mind  the  ^freat  empires  of  antiquity,  their  he- 
roes* and  their  legendary  exploits  and  their  authentic 
thii'st  after  more  territory.  Do  you  still  hear  the  sobs  of 
Alexander  of  Macedon  in  presence  of  the  ocean  opposing 
its  unbounded  immensities  to  the  boundlessness  of  his 

desires  V 

• 

The  Jews,  assigning  to  the  voice  of  their  prophets  and 
to  the  text  of  their  scriptures  a  literal  interpret-ation. 
entertained  the  idea  that  they  were  predestined  to  com- 
3aand  the  world.  The  Messiah,  so  long  looked  for,  was 
(xpected  to  deliver  their  race  and  establish  Israelitish 
supremacy  of  religion  and  government.  • 

The  Roman  people,  who  started  from  such  a  wmali  in- 
terior point,  pushed  their  conquests  to  the  extremities  of 
the  earth  of  the  Ancients !  AVhat  energy*  of  persever- 
ance !  What  valor  on  the  battle-field !  What  wisctom  in 
comicil ! 


f 


1 


:o  agoB 
ing  on 
Before 
to  groNV 


ine  law 
)priated 
dto  as- 
.H  foUow- 
dynaHtic 
ial,  Grod- 
disgaises 
LG  behests 

,  tlieir  he- 
authentic 
,he  sobs  of 
opposing 
ess  of  his 

• 

phets  and 

rpret-ation. 

edto  com- 

;ed  for,  ^'as 

Israehtish 

a  suiaU  iu- 
Ltremities  of 
3f  persever- 
wisdoin  in 


UNIFICATION  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  I 

To  the  declining  power  oi  imperial  Borne  succeeded 
the  spiritual  puissance,  which  has  Ijeen  transmitted  from  ' 
St.  Peter  to  Pius  IX,  diirinof  eighteen  consecutive  centu- 
ries, and  whose  dictates  and  tenets  r:idiate  from  the  Vati- 
can to  Polynesia  and  the  continents. 

Mahojuet  and  his  fanatic  successors,  Koran  and  sword 
in  hands,  overwhelmed  Asia  and  invaded  Europe.  "  No- 
body can  predict  where  their  propagandism  would  have 
stopped,  if  Charles  Martel  had  not  hammered  it  down  in 
the  plains  of  Southern  France. 

We  meet,  amid  the  debris  of  the  Roman  empire,  the 
shadow  of  Charlemagne  covering  the  Eastern  hemiisphere. 

The  barbaric  hordes  of  G-engis-Kjban  and  Tamerlane 
are  arrested  at  the  gates  of  Europe — the  want  of  vessels 
to  transport  them  thither  frustrating  the  designs  of 
world-wide  conquest  cherished  by  those  blood-thirsty 
commanders. 

Russia,  bom  of  the  principality  of  Muscow,  accepts 
from  Peter  Romanoff,  the  carpenter  of  her  incipient 
greatness,  the  mission  to  subjugate  the  world  ;  she  spares 
neither  blood*  nor  treasure  to  execute  it  according  to  the 
letter  and  spirit  of  the  testament  of  the  illustrious 
legator. 

Napoleon  Buonaparte,  whose  birth-island  is  anchored 
in  the  Mediterranean  waters  that  lave  the  shores  of 
three  continents,  sacrificed  to  his  Unitic  projects  every- 
thing that  obstructed  his  march  :  he  blew  to  atoms,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  cannon,  the  republic  that  had  raised 
him;  he  twice  overturned  his  own  throne.  At  St.  Helena, 
his  political  dreams  and  his  military  speculations  em- 
brtfcce  the  «rorld  :  he  reconstructs  the  Old  and  organizes 
the  New. 


4  UNIFICATION    OF  NORTH   AMERICA. 

4.  Let  US  now  take  a  trip  aoross  the  Atlantic,  and  ob- 
serve if  the  mme  i(Overuin^  motor — tliat  precipitated  so 
often  nation  af^ainst  nation  in  the  Oriental  hemiaphei-e — 
f)btained  also  in  the  new-found  lands  of  the  Ocoidontal, 
or  whether  Unitisin  embarked  for  the  tir.st  time  on  board 
the  emigi'ant  vessels  from  Europe. 

Who  knows  but  one,  or  perhaps  several,  cf  the  autoch- 
tonous races — that  have  at  one  period  or  another  treaded 
the  soil  of  America — exercised  a  universal  authority  over 
the  Continent  ? 

May  it  not  be  properly  contended  that,  at  the  ante- 
European  epoch  of  settlements,  the  Indian  Aboriginos — 
having  so  man_)  traits  of  physical  and  social  resemblan- 
ces that  they  might  be  called  one  nation — occupied  the 
country  from  oi-  ^  end  to  the  other  ? 

Cristoforo  Colombo,  guided  by  the  Unitary  star, 
opened  America  to  Spain,  the  Cabotas  to  England,  Jac- 
ques Cai  tier  to  France. 

Each  of  these  nations  attempted  in  turn  to  take  pos- 
session of  the  entire  Continent. 

At  the  beginning  of  this  century,  Spain  possessed  near- 
ly the  whole  of  South  America,  all  Central  America, 
Mexico  with  her  former  limits,  together  with  Florida, 
Louisiana,  and  estabUshments,  on  the  Northern  Pacific 
coast,  extending  as  far  as  the  Columl^ia  river.  Dry  up 
the  Mississippi,  and  you  will  find  the  tomb  of  De  Soto, 
its  discoverer.  The  Spaniards  did  not  striye  to  ascend 
farther  north  because  they  dtjlight  basking  in  the  equa- 
torial sun  rather  than  affronting  the  cold  blasts  of  the 
hyper-tropical  zone. 


UNIFICATION   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


9 


pos- 


;■•*.?. 


France  put  her  military  jyouiuH  to  task  in  order  to  suffo- 
cate and  starve  and  crush  out  the  Euf^Ush  colonies  of  the 
seaboard.  Who  should  remain  masters  of  these  habita- 
ble solitudes,  of  the  French  or  of  the  English,  suoli 
was  the  real  objoot  of  this  prolonged  struggle.  All  was 
lost — for,  what  had  cost  miles  of  soldiers  and  heaps  of 
piasters,  La  Pompadour  estimated  at  the  contemptible 
value  of  a  few  acres  of  snow.  New  France  was  doomed 
to  disappear  from  the  map  of  America,  thanks  to  the 
abandonment  of  the  home  government  and  to  the  well- 
concerted  blows  of  England  and  her  American  colonies. 

Tlie  treaty  of  1703  consecrated  the  victories  of  Great 
Britain.  Her  sway  extended  now  over  the  greater  part 
of  North  America  and  of  the  West  Indies. 

Mighty,  indeed,  had  been  the  efforts  of  these  three 
Uniticent  nations  ! 

The  reign  of  England,  however,  was  destined  to  be 
short-lived.  The  minds  of  the  colonists  had  been  too 
sharpened  by  hard-earned  experience  nor  to  allure  them 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  union  of  their  military  forces, 
which  had  i^roved  so  effective  against  the  French  and 
their  allies,  might  be  employed  in  their  own  deliverance. 

Every  reader  of  the  history  of  t  -e  United  States  is  fa- 
miliar with  the  planting  of  colonies,  along  the  Atlantic 
coast,  by  the  English,  French,  Dutch,  and  Swedes — with 
their  gradual  moving  toward  the  foot  of  the  Alleglia- 
nies — with  their  war  of  independence — with  their  organ-# 
ization  into  a  perfected  confederacy — with  their  sliding 
on  the  Western  slope  of  the  Alleghanies  down  to  the 
Mississippi — with  their  march  hence  to  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains— with  their  climbing  over  those  vertebrae  of  the 
Continent — -never  stopping,  after  having  absorbed  every 


I 


6 


U.NIFIOATION  OF  NORIE   AMERICA. 


I      I 


il 


ri 


intervening  territory,  until,  alighting  upon  the  moun- 
tain-tops and  then  upon  the  snow-clad  peaks,  they  had 
nestled  cities  on  th^  margin  of  the  Pacific  ocean. 

Resuming  the  Unification  of  North  America  where 
France  and  England  left  it  half  completed,  the  United 
3tates  have  steadily  advanced  in  parali'il  lines  fi'om  the 
Eastern  shores  to  those  of  the  West. 

Shall  they  halt  in  the  midst  of  their  extraordinary 
career?  'Why  should  they  not  drive  to  the  Arctic  cii'cles 
and  steer  round  the  Gulf  of  Mexico?  Is  it  believable 
that  they  have  made  these  vast  strides  across  the  Conti- 
nent without  any  profound  thought  imderlying  their 
movements? 


5.  To-day,  the  United  States  stand  geograpliically 
acephalous  and  limbless.  They  resemble  their  own  cari- 
catures of  John  Bull  with  his  obese  belly  flabbing  down. 
Sliall  they  suffer  themselves  to  stay  thus  cramped  and 
incomplete,  when  the  sepprat(^  parts  of  the  Continent, 
bleeding  from  anarchy  and  discontent,  demand  oheir  po- 
litical connection  with  the  main  trunk  ?  The  duties  of 
the  United  States  augment  in  direct  ratio  of  their  mas- 
sive size  a,nd  of  their  irresistible  prestige.  Let  them 
finish  promptly  the  work  of  unifying  North  America ! 
Will  they  remain  deaf  to  the  utterances  of  the  seers,  re- 
sounding back  from  generation  to  generation?  :  ,;n 

America  is  composed  of  two  continents  superposed 
upon  one  another  :  North  and  South  America.  They 
will  be  treated,  accordinglv,  as  two  distinct  continental 
organisms.  Thti  America  of  the  North  is  the  only  conti- 
nent whose  Unity  is  advocated  for  the  present. 


UNIFICATION   OF  NORTH  .V3TERICA. 


the  moun- 
!,  they  had 


an. 


.1 
rica  where 
he  United 
5  from  the 


faordinary 
3tic  circles 
believable 
the  Couti- 
ying  their 


rapliically 
own  cari- 
ing-  down, 
nped  and 
Continent, 
oheir  po- 
duties  of 
leir  mas- 
jet  them 
Ajnerica ! 
seers,  re- 


perposed 
a.  They 
ntinental 
aly  conti- 


Ocean,s  surround  the  head  and  sides  of  North  Ameri- 
ca. Its  feet,  right  and  left,  rest  iipoja  the  broad  shoul- 
ders of  the  twin  Continent.  The  island  of  Trinidad,  the 
SI  .nthernmost  of  the  larger  Antilles,  shall  forru  the  southern 
boundaiy  on  the  right.  The  left  limits  will  be  iixed  in 
the  (xidf  of  Darien,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Atrat"  ;  whence 
follow  the  co'nrs(^  of  that  river  to  its  source,  then  cross 
by  a  straight  line  to  the  head  waters  of  tiie  Sau  Jaan, 
which  empties  at  Chirambira,  on  the  Pacific.  To  avoid 
difficulties  about  confines  and  the  inhabitants,  the 
ceded  territory  siiouJd  couipriso  the  valleys  of  both 
rivers,  be^wee]i  the  Western  Cordilleras  and  the  ocean. 
Every  piece  of  land  situated  above  this  double  southern 
boundary,  as  far  as  the  poles,  belongs  to  North  America. 
On  account  of  their  greater  proximity  to  our  coasts  and 
i'ur  tiieir  own  convenience,  the  Bermudas  in  the  Atlantic 
anil  the  Sandwich  Islands  in  the  Pacific  should  be 
moored  along^t  our  Continent. 

There  is  now-a-days  such  a  rapid  succesfion  of  events 
that  your  statements  of  last  become  obsolete  this,  month. 
To  obviate  these  constantly  occurring  changes,  the  date 
of  the  1st  January,  1867,  is  chosen  as  the  fixed  point  up 
to  which  references  wiU  be  made.        ,  -  ^■• 

North  America  may  be  divided  into  three  pp.rts,  name- 
ly :  Northern,  Central,  and  Southern.  The  Northern 
portion  i«  occupied  by  the  Russian,  British,  and  Dan- 
ish possesisions;  the  Central,  by  the  United  States;  the 
Southern,  by  that  continuation  of  Florida,  the  archipela-* 
go  comprising  the  Bahamas  and  the  ^kiitilles,  as  also  by 
Mexico,  the  Central  American  States,  and  some  provinces 
belonging  to  New  Granada.  Unite  \  these  countries 
would  measure  eight  million  fi^e  hundred  thousand 
s<^uare  miles. 


•I 


ll  I  'I 


f  I 


MM 


■i  I 


8 


UNIFICATION    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Here,  climates  mark  their  passage  from  the  eternal 
winters  of  the  Arctic  regions  to  the  perpetual  summers  of 
the  lands  bordering  on  the  Equator.  Productions  blos- 
som or  wither  in  their  train.  Nature  is  the  grandest, 
the  most  fruitful,  all  self-sufl&cient. 

Fifty-five  millions  of  souls  flourish  on  the  bosom  of 
Notth  America.  * 

They  appertain  to  the  Caucasian,  Mongolian,  Ethiopian, 
and  American  Indian  races.  The  latter  claim  to  be 
Aborigines,  whilst  the  rest  are  by  descent  European, 
Asiatic,  and  African. 

A  traveller  may  hear,  in  passing  among  groups  of  this 
mixed  population,  the  *diom  of  the  Esquimaux  and  the 
Indian  dialects,  the  Enghsh,  the  Trench,  Spanish  and 
Italian,  the  G-erman,  Dutch,  Danish,  Swedish,  and  Nor- 
wegian, the  Russian  and  the  Chinese. 

Paganism  prevails  among  the  native  tribes;  Budhism 
accompanies  the  Chinese  ;  Mormonism  is  hatching  at 
Utah  ;  Rafciojialism  attends  the  Freethinkers;  the  masses 
profeL's  the  Christian  rehgion. 

The  independent  governments  of  the  Continent  are 
administered  by  nine  presidents,  one  emperor,  one  king, 
besides  a  number  of  aboj-iginal  chiefs.  The  colonies  pay 
obedience  to  two  emperors,  three  kings,  ahd  two  queens. 
This  statement  shows  the  existence  of  eighteen  distinct 
sovereignties. 


6.  Does  any  country  on  the  face  of  this  earthy  crust 
present  equal  advantages  of  configuration,  broadening 
to  three  thousand  miles  and  tapering,  through  well-man- 
aged gradations,  to  forty  miles  ?  Can  p,ny  region  occupy 
a  more  central  position,  floating  Hke  a  buoy  fastened  by 
the  hand  of  a  god  in  the  midst  of  the  oceans  ?    CouM 


e  eternal 
mmers  of 
ions  blos- 
grandest, 

bosom  of 

Sthioxian, 
m  to  be 
iluropean, 

ps  of  this 
c  and  the 
mish  and 
and  Nor- 

BudhJsm 
tching  at 
le  masses 

inent  are 
one  king, 
onies  pay 

0  queens. 

1  distinct 


: 
' 


thy  crust 
oadening 
Arell-man- 
»n  occupy 
stened  by 
?     Could 


fl 


any  land  c 
whether  it 
I  compactnes 
its  circulato 
nervous  sys 
degree  the 
state  :  a  coc 

Is  such  a 
to  political 
nations,  rep! 
ness  of  adn 
complexity  ( 
United  Stal 
fresh  compa 
may  easily 
view  of  youi 
their  possibi] 

Freedom, 

and  limited 

must  be  the 

The  fundai 

antee  that  co: 

Popularize! 

similarities  oi 

transactions  ( 

The   conve 

the  contrast 

well  as  by  the 

The  juxtap 

side  or  to  hoj 

impart  larger 

spire  an  exal 

hood,  by  the 


UNIFICATION  OF  NORTH  AMERICA  9 

any  land  combine  a  greater  perfection  of  organic  life, 
whether  it  concerns  the  completeness  of  its  parts,  the 
compactness  of  its  frame,  the  regularity  and  extent  of 
its  circulatory  apparatus,  or  the  wiry  construction  of  its 
nervous  system  ?  North  America  reunites  in  the  highest 
degree  the  conditions  prescribed  for  a  healthy  physical 
state  :  a  cool  head,  a  well-fed  stomach,  and  warm  feet. 

Is  such  a  body  of  inseparable  lands  forever  condemned 
to  political  isolation  from  its  centre  ?  No !  American 
nations,  replace  this  manyness  of  sovereignties  by  one- 
ness of  administ'L-Fiion.  Look '  at  the  economy  and  little 
complexity  of  the  process!  The  federative  form  of  the 
United  States  government  solicits,  far  from  repelling, 
fresh  companionship  of  States.  One  elective  President 
may  easily  govern  fifty  States.  Take  an  introspective 
view  of  your  new  relations  and  judge  for  yourselves  of 
their  possibility. 

Freedom,  extended  to  aU  subjects  of  human  import 
and  limited  only  by  the  equal  rights  of  your  neighbors, 
must  be  the  corner-otone  of  the  Unificial  edifice. 

The  fundamental  sameness  of  religions  will  be  a  guar- 
antee that  consciences  need  not  borrow  alarm.. 

Popularized  by  universal  education,  the  etymological 
similarities  of  our  continental  languages  will  facilitate  the 
trsnsactionR  of  private  and  public  business. 

The  convergence  of  interests  will  be  encouraged  by 
the  contrast  of  productions  from  the  various  zones  as 
well  as  by  the  diversity  of  industrial  pursuits. 

The  juxtaposition  of  races,  compelled  tc  live  side  by 
side  or  to  hold  rapports  of  more  or  less  frequency,  will 
impart  larger  ideas  of  Christian  toleration  ;  it  wiil  in- 
spire an  exalted  conception  of  humanitarian  brother- 
hood, by  the  influence  of  which  natural  differences  of 


I 


! 


mum 


10 


UNIFICATION  OF  NORTH   AMERICA. 


whatever  kind  will  meet  a  mutual  respect,  as  those  of 
height,  color,  weight,  intellect,  appetite,  do  in  the  ordi- 
nary course  of  life  among  people  of  the  same  race, 
language,  and  reUgion. 

May  these  prospects  of  stability  and  harmony  redeem 
the  sacrihceB  made  on  the  altar  of  local  attachments  and 
national  prejudices ! 

7.  What  influences  are  capable  of  arresting  the  expan- 
sion of  our  territory  and  the  germination  of  these  benign 
principles  ? 

The  European  jDowers  inimical  to  this  government — 
for  some  reasons  common  to  the  three,  and  for  others 
pecuUar  to  each — are  England,  France,  and  Spain. 

The  United  States  are  corseted  by  British  possessions, 
forts,  commercial  outposts  and  depots.  'England  com- 
mands the  mouths  of  the  St.  La^vrence,  the  Bahama  chan- 
nels, where  Nassau,  of  blockade  memory,  is  secreted,  the 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  of  the  Caribbean  sea. 
yrom  her  ports  on  the  Pacific,  connected  through  num- 
berless islands  and  Australia  with  her  East  India  pos- 
sessions, would  sally  a  fleet  ready  to  pounce  upon  oui- 
merchantmen. 

In  case  of  war,  France,  Spain,  and  England,  aired, 
could  hermetically  close  the  Southern  American  waters 
against  the  vessels  of  the  United  States;  If  the  tripar- 
tite treaty  of  18G2  had  been  maintained  and  carried  out, 
the  policy  of  intervention  wliicli  it  inaugarated  might 
have  sensibly  affected  the  turn  of  affairs,  both  with  re- 
spect to  Mexico  and  the  Southern  States  in  rebellion. 
Shall  we  profit  by  our  past  experience  ?     Shut  our  eyes 

to  this  sad  evidence  of  dangers  ? 

I 


Moreover, 
plement  of  ( 
commanding 
I  seas.  Ameri 
navy  needs  . 
protection. 

i 

I  Whilst  the 
'  useful  to  the 
merce  and  as 
countries  tha 
tracting,  like 
of  the  most  e 

The  territo 
containing  1^1 
►Salvador,  Hoi 
Colombian  Si 
coming  what 
ground  of  the 

The  import 
first,  from  th 
with  the  pre< 
vegetation,  an^ 
ture  and  mid( 
dentially  to  tl 
to  or  coming  f 
than  two-thir( 
seek  a  passage 
suia  offers  the 
less  than  twe 
canals  and  se-^ 
and  carefully  j 
of  England,  an 


UNIFICATION  OF   NORTH  AMERICA. 


11 


^d, 


ji>j 


lit 
e- 
m. 
res 


Moreover,  tae  We8t  India  Islands  form  a  natural  com- 
plement of  our  geographical  system.  Their  position  is 
commanding  at  once  the  broad  ocean  and  hind-looked 
.seas.  American  trade  requires  American  ports,  and  the 
navy  needs  American  stations  for  rendezvous  and  for 
l>rotection.     How  long  shall  they  be  deprived  of  both  '? 

Whilst  the  West  India  group  of  isles  are  pointed  as 
useful  to  the  increasing  exigencies  of  American  com- 
merce and  as  indispensable  to  our  national  security,  the 
countries  that  rise  opposite  their  in-gulf  sides  are  at- 
tracting, like  a  horn  of  universal  plenty,  the  attention 
of  the  most  enterprising  nations. 

The  territory  from  the  Rio  Grande  to  the  Atrato — 
containing  Mexico,  Yucatan,  Guatemala,  Balize,  San 
Salvador,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  and  the 
Colombian  States  of  Panama  and  Cauca — is  fast  be- 
coming what  nature  mAde  it,  the  most  valuable  piece  of 
ground  of  the  whole  globe. 

The  importance  of  these  different  States  is  derived, 
first,  from  the  native  richness  of  their  soil,  pregnant 
with  the  precious  metals  and  luxuriant  with  tropical 
vegetation,  and,  secondly,  from  their  exceptional  struc- 
ture and  middle  situation,  which  adapt  them  so  provi- 
dentially to  the  transit  of  passengers  and  traffic  going 
to  or  coming  from  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  basins.  More 
than  two-thirds  of  tiie  population  of  the  world  must 
seek  a  ^mssage  at  the  points  where  the  American  penin- 
sula offers  the  route  shortest,  speediest,  and  safest.  Not 
less  than  twenty-six  routes,  including  nineteen  ship- 
canals  and  seven  railways,  have  already  been  explored 
and  carefully  surveyed  by  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
of  England,  and  of  France.   The  newspapers  relate  every 


12 


UNIFICATION  OF  NORTH   AMERICA. 


J 


week  the  intrigneH  fomeuted  by  foreign  agents  to  get 
possession,  at  any  price,  of  the  Panama  railroad,  and  of 
other  leading  routes.  "Why  are  you  constructing  the 
Pacific  railroad  across  American  territory,  where  the 
greatest  breadth  of  the  Continent  exists,  if  not  to  secure 
a  share  of  this  immense  commerce,  which  wiU  tax  to 
their  utmost  capacity  all  the  projected  channels  of  oceanic 
Intercommunication  ? 

"Wake  up  then,  statesmen  of  America,  seize  the  cov- 
eted prize,  lest  strangers,  more  alert  than  you  have 
shown  yoiorseives,  get  forcible  possession  of  it ! 


8.  How  h.",ve  the  United  States  arrived  at  their  pres- 
ent aggregate?  By  successive  acquisitions,  effected 
through  grants,  purchase,  exchange,  cession,  treaty, 
compensation,  colonization,  conquest,  annexation.  Let 
us  examine  which  of  these  means  can  be  used  to  gain  I 
possession  of  the  non-unified  territories,  and  what  new 


methods  may  suggest  themselves. 

Russian  America  should  be  acquired  by  purchase. 
« 

"When  this  last  bargain  is  consummated,  it  will  be  next 
to  impossible  to  allow  the  intervening  territory  of  British 
CoLTTMBiA  to  break  the  continuity  of  our  Pacific  domin- 
ions. It  might  be  ceded  as  a  settlement  of  claims  for 
the  depredations  of  rebel  cruisers  armed  in  English 
ports. 

Since  the  Territory  of  Hudson's  Bay  Company  is  offered 
for  sale,  some  of  our  miUionaires  ought  to  associate 
themselves  for  the  purpose  of  buying  it  on  their  own 
account,  and  make  a  present  of  it  to  the  "Cfnited  States. 
Liberty,  our  bride,  is  worth  the  offering. 


I 


Without 
of  the  Dan 
gladly  exch 

Congress 
State  depa 
British  go"\ 
of  Canada, 
and  Prince 
stituencies 
their  best  ii 
American  nt 

England, 
mark,  will  1 
tion   to  acqi 
their  several 

Our  gover 
cation  of  fro 
FOKNiA  and  tl 
the  Gulf  of 
inclusively — 

SiNALOA. 

.  A  friendly 
tween  O'lr  St; 
ernments  of 
Hayti,  and  o: 

To  the  pa 
address   stro: 

Among  ot] 
upon  them  o 
which  their 


1 


UNIFIOATION  OF   \ORTH  AMEEICA. 


18 


Pfet 
d  of 
the 
the 
cure 
i.  to 
anic 


Without  presuming  too  little  of  the  disinterestedness 
of  the  Danes,  it  is  not  impertinent  to  guess  they  will 
gladly  exchange  Danish  America  for  dollars  and  cents. 


rr,ri 


I 


cov- 
lave 


res- 
!ted 
%t\. 
Let 
[•ain 
lew 


text 

CISH 

lin- 
for 
[ish 

red 
ate 
>vni 

fces. 


Congress,  by  a  bill  or  resolution,  should  direct  the 
State  department  to  commence  negotiations  with  the 
British  government  about  authorizing  the  provinces 
of  Canada,  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  Newfoundland, 
and  Peince  Edward,  to  submit  to  their  respective  con- 
stituencies the  question  whether  they  would  deem  it 
their  best  interest  to  join  their  fortimes  to  those  of  their 
American  neighbors. 

England,  Spain,  France,  Holland,  Sweden,  and  Den- 
mark, will  be  Hkewise  approached  touching  our  inten- 
tion to  acquii-e  from  them  the  right  of  possession  of 
their  several  property  in  the  West  Indian  Archipelago. 

Our  government  might  arrange  with  Mexico  a  rectifi- 
cation of  frontiers  on  the  South,  embracing  Lower  Cali- 
fornia and  the  territory— between  the  Sierra  Madre  and 
the  Gulf  of  California,  from  the  river  Gila  to  Mazatlan 
inclusively— comprised  in  the  states  of  Sonora  and 
Sinaloa. 

.  A  friendly  correspondence  ought  to  be  pursued  be- 
tween o^or  State  department  and  the  independent  gov- 
ernments of  Mexico,  of  Central  America,  of  Colombia,  of 
Hayti,  and  of  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

To  the  patriotism  and  intelligence  of  these  States 
address   strong   appeals. 

Among  other  arguments  in  favor  of  the  scheme  urge 
upon  them  oui'  views  of  a  continental  organization,  in 
which  their  autonomous  revendications  would  find  an 


14 


UNIFICATION  OF  NOKTH   AMEKICA. 


adequate  repreHontation  in  their  local  governments, 
wh()?te  preservation  is  assured  and  whose  authority  must 
bo  respected. 

Before  their  dazzled  eyes,  display  sunbursts  of  the 
glory  attainable  only  by  America  intcyralizod  :  their 
State  pride  and  their  self-interest  will  be  heightened  to 
an  undi'eamt  degree  of  po^ver,  of  wealth,  and  of  grandeur. 

\Miat  has  been  accomi^Urihed  thus  far  through  instinct- 
ive force,  we  must  undertake  to  do  for  the  future  as  a  clear 
matter  of  business — using  to  that  effect  the  same  scien- 
tific accuracy  and  rules  that  presided  at  the  preliminaiy 
surveys,  contracts,  and  actual  construction  of  the  Pacific  f 
railway. 

Enlightened  by  events  of  a  recent  date,  and  mindful 
of  future,  complications,  the  Congress  should  solemnly 
declare,  that  the  United  States  Government  forbids  foreign 
governments  and  their  subjects  henceforward  to  colonize 
any  portion  of  North  America — to  build  therein  any  pub- 
lic highway  that  may,  cause  detriment  to  our  interests 
and  disturb  our  peace — to  erect.  North  or  South,  any  gov- 
ernment hostile  in  form  or  design  to  our  republican  in- 
stitutions— without  obtaining  beforehand  the  concurrence 
and  assent  of  the  American  people. 


This  ^manifesto,  sweeping  in  its  scope,   definite   in   its 
terms,  permanent  in  its  character,  would  supersede  the  i 
anterior  declaration  of  president  Monroe,  susceptible  of  f 
so   many   conflicting    interpretations.      Kecognized  the 
world  over  as  the  American   doctrine  of  continental  in-  ; 
tegrity,  it  would  be  equivalent  to  a  formal  protectorate  f 
over  the  neighboring  nations,  oi  to  an  offensive  aiid  defen- 
sive alliance  with  them.    Its  formidable  simplicity  renders 
it  preferable  to  either  of  these  measures. 


Int]ivi( 
mental  a 
as  in  tlu 
points  of 

War,  b 

of  the  ni 

should  pr 

ai'my  of 

country 

should  be 

the  war  be 

sole  but  fa 

an   additic 

States. 


9.  This  c 
sided,  cone 
meetings  ai 
and  Execn 
ance  with  t 
ing  tenor  no 

In  the  na 
control  of  t 

In  the  na; 
Education,  i 

In  the  na] 
inner  and  oi 
dren  of  the  > 


I 


CNIPlnATION  OF  NOSTH  AMEBICA.  Ig 

In<iiyidual  .nitiative  prob«%  will  not  wait  for  govern- 
mental action,  and  will  direct  cun-ents  of  colonLti^ 
a«  m  the  case  of  Texas  and  Kansas,  towai-d  the  kevl 
pomts  of  the  TJnifiable  poisons  of  the  Continent        ^ 

of  r/' "°f  "'*r''"'  '"''• ''  '•«P»S°'«'t  to  the  trne  p<  Ucy 
of  the  nineteenth  century.     If  any  antagonistic  power 

should  provoke  the  Hiiited  States  to  mortal  confliZn 
ai-my  of  a  million  of  men  should  ovemin  the  hostile 
country  and  occupy  it,  whUst  a  fleet  of  men-of-war 
should  be  despatched  to  blockade  every  port  so  thlt 
the  war  be  terminated  at  the  earliest  mlent  upon  the 
sole  but  foeile  condition  that  the  invaded  coun'tiy  attach 
an  additional    star   to    our'  brilliant    constell^Iion    of 


i 


JJ^'"  ''"'"l?  "'  Unification,  so  vast  and  so  many- 
sided,  concerns  the  entire  American  people.  The  press 
meetings  ^na  conventions,  should  quicken  the  LegiltTve 
and  Executive  departments  into  an  earnest  comph! 
ance  with  the  popular  orders.  Besolutions  of  the  foUow- 
mg  tenor  might  be  introduced,  discussed,  and  passed  : 

In  the  name  of  Democracy  that  insures  the  hereditary 
control  of  the  people  over  their  own  destinies  ; 

In  the  name  of  Liberty,  which  leads  Progress,  spreads 
Jiducation,  and  decrees  Equality  before  the  law  ; 

In  the  name  of  Solidarity,  whose  dogma  incidcates  an 
mner  and  outer  spirit  of  Fraternity  among  aU  the  cM- 
dren  of  the  earth  ; 


x^ 


UNinCATION  OF  NORTH   AMEMOA. 


The  People  of  the  United  States  of  America,  iu  con- 
vention assembled, 

Beaolve,  That,  believing,  themeelves  invested  with  the 
sacred  duty  of  engrafting  these  great  principles  upon  all 
parts  of  their  continental  home,  they  invite  all  the  in- 
habitants thereof  to  hasten  forward  and  contribute  their 
just  share  in  the  performance  o|  the  noble  task  which 
thousands  of  years  of  cumulative  history  have  imposed 
upon  every  citizen  of  North  America  ; 

Resolve,  That  they  promise  their  new  allies  ample  pro- 
tection for  all  their  rights,  Since  they  welcome  them  to 
tlie  Union  as  the  equals  of  their  confederate  brothers  ; 

Resolve,  That,  for  the  purpose  of  forwarding  the  good 
work,  they  will  lend  their  moral  influence,  and — if  need 
be — material  aid,  to  any  nation  or  colony  that  may  decide 
to  ask  for  them. 


10.  Unifiers  of  America,  do  you  think  God  has  lifted 
this  Continent  out  of  the  depths  of  the  sea  for  idle  de- 
signs ?  Do  you  not  see  it  was  to  furnish  a  worthy  exam- 
ple of  territorial  wholeness  and  of  popular  government 
to  the  less  happy  nations  of  the  globe  ? 

Unifiers !  Let  us  organize  legions  of  believers  in  our 
dutiful  programme  !  Let  us  combine  to  achieve  a  grand, 
matchless,  Unity  of  North  America  1 


